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Subjective perception analysis of active noise control algorithms in an encapsulated structure: An experimental study

Aboutiman, Alkahf; Rachman, Zulfi; Oberman, Tin; Alletta, Francesco; Kang, Jian; Karimi, Hamid Reza; Ripamonti, Francesco; (2025) Subjective perception analysis of active noise control algorithms in an encapsulated structure: An experimental study. Applied Acoustics , 239 , Article 110823. 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110823. Green open access

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Abstract

This study investigates the subjective perception of active noise control (ANC) performance, focusing on how individuals evaluate the noise reduction provided by different ANC algorithms. While the performance of the ANC algorithms has already been evaluated using objective metrics, this study aims to assess their effectiveness from a subjective perspective. In a simulated vehicle interior created using a noise box, two ANC algorithms were tested: the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm and the hybrid selective fixed-filter active noise control normalized least-mean-square (SFANC-NLMS) algorithm. Participants were exposed to 27 stimuli, which combined three types of noise (motorcycle, street, and train), three sound pressure levels (55, 65, and 72 dB(A)), and three ANC conditions (no control, NLMS, and SFANC-NLMS). Subjective evaluations were collected using three indicators: perceived annoyance (PAY), perceived affective quality (PAQ), and perceived loudness (PLN). These metrics captured participants' impressions of the noise environment and the impact of noise control. The study is structured around three research questions (RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3), each addressing different aspects of ANC performance evaluation. In response to RQ1, the results demonstrated that the SFANC-NLMS algorithm outperformed NLMS in reducing perceived annoyance and loudness. Regarding RQ2, higher sound levels (72 dB) led to greater perceived annoyance, but sound level did not significantly alter the relationship between ANC algorithm type and perceived annoyance. Finally, in addressing RQ3, noise type influenced ANC effectiveness, with SFANC-NLMS showing more significant reductions in perceived annoyance compared to NLMS. Overall, the findings confirm that the SFANC-NLMS algorithm provides better noise reduction in encapsulated structures.

Type: Article
Title: Subjective perception analysis of active noise control algorithms in an encapsulated structure: An experimental study
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110823
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110823
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Active noise control; Encapsulated structure; Subjective listening; Deep learning algorithm
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of the Built Environment > Bartlett School Env, Energy and Resources
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10208754
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