Wang, Y; Chen, M; Zhang, T; Zhang, M; (2025) Rheology and mechanical properties of limestone calcined clay based engineered cementitious composites with nano CaCO₃. Cement and Concrete Composites , 157 , Article 105923. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.105923.

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Abstract

The application of advanced binder consisting of limestone, calcined clay and cement (LC3) promotes the development of low-carbon engineering cementitious composites (ECC). In order to improve the comprehensive properties of LC3-ECC, this paper investigates the feasibility of using nano CaCO3 (NC) to replace the limestone powder up to 20 % for LC3-ECC preparation through rheology and mechanical tests along with the micro-design calculation and microstructure analysis. Results indicate that the yield stress and plastic viscosity of LC3-ECC are largely improved with increasing NC replacement rate. Meanwhile, the compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of LC3-ECC with NC raise firstly and then decline, while the strengths are maximum at NC replacement rate of 5 % but the tensile strain capacity remains at 2.3 %. The hydration promotion effect and pore structure refinement effect of NC particles improve the mechanical strength of LC3-ECC, but the performance degradation occurs when the replacement rate of the NC exceeds 10 %. In micromechanics, the fibre bridging stress of LC3-ECC reinforced by NC with replacement rate of 5 % decreases by 18.5 % compared to that of without NC, but it grows with the increasing NC replacement rate. In combination with fresh, hardened and microstructure behaviour, LC3-ECC exhibits the optimum mechanical behaviour with the NC replacement rate of 10 %–15 %.

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