Isa, Zakiah Mohd; (1999) A Study of the Initial Interactions of Osteoblast-like Cells to Titanium and Zirconium Surfaces In Vitro. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Adhesion of cells to implant surfaces is a major factor in determining the pattern of events in osseointegration. Short-term in vitro studies have shown that bone cells react more favourably to rough substrate surfaces than to smooth ones. However, the findings are equivocal. It is not certain how cell-substrate interactions are affected by implant surface roughness, although integrins are thought to convey information about the substrate topography to the cells. This in vitro study investigated the effects of implant material composition and surface roughness on the early behaviour of three transformed human osteoblast-like cell lines, MG-63, HOS and U-2 OS, cultured on commercially pure titanium and zirconium substrates of different surface roughness. Surface roughness of the substrates was quantified using two techniques: a contact profilometer, and a non-contacting laser scanning profilometer. Cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect integrin subunits and cytoskeletal arrangement 24 h after cellular attachment. The two instruments used to quantify surface roughness produced different results, as the basis of measurement of each system was different, and each method has its own measurement limitations. Biochemical assays used to measure cellular attachment and differentiation showed that there were no significant differences in the activity of cells grown on the different substrates. Immunofluorescence studies detected no marked variation in the integrin subunit expression and organisation of the cytoskeletal network of the cells. The experiments indicate that the cell lines may not discriminate between the surface chemistry and topography of the metals used in the study. A purely mechanistic theory of the cell-substrate interactions may not be sufficient to account for the variations in the reported behaviour of cells grown on different substrates.

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