Stoner, Charlotte Rose;
(2017)
The development and evaluation of positive psychology outcome measures for older adults with dementia.
Doctoral thesis , UCL (University College London).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Positive psychology refers to the scientific study of strengths and capabilities that contribute to wellbeing. It can be considered an asset-based to dementia but is currently limited to the qualitative literature with no means of quantitatively documenting positive psychology concepts in dementia. AIMS: a) To explore dementia, from a positive psychology perspective; b) to develop and evaluate robust outcome measures representing positive psychology in dementia; c) to validate an additional outcome measure of positive psychology for people with dementia. METHODS: Using a qualitative study (n =18) and expert feedback, items were generated for two outcome measures. The measures were subject to an internal pilot (n =33) and then evaluated in a large-scale study (n =216). Within this study, an additional measure (Control, Autonomy, Self-realisation and Pleasure Scale; CASP-19) was validated. Following this, psychometric testing was conducted. Responsiveness to change was assessed within an additional study (n =21) and structural equation modelling techniques were used in a secondary analysis of the combined samples (n =237) to explore how characteristics of participants affected positive psychology concepts. RESULTS: Items were generated for two measures: The Engagement and Independence in Dementia Questionnaire (EID-Q) and the Positive Psychology Outcome Measure (PPOM). Internal piloting indicated adequate psychometric properties with minor amendments to items. In-depth analysis of both measures and the CASP-19 indicated adequate psychometric properties and factor solutions were evidenced but responsiveness could not be established. Demographic and clinical characteristics did not affect levels of positive psychology but relationships were evidenced for quality of life and depression. CONCLUSIONS: On a theoretical and clinical level evidence here suggests people with dementia are able to accurately explore these concepts and make complex self-judgements. On a research level, outcome measures developed and validated may assist with the development of asset-based approaches and interventions for dementia.
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