Gren, M; Shahim, P; Lautner, R; Wilson, DH; Andreasson, U; Norgren, N; Blennow, K; Gren, M; Shahim, P; Lautner, R; Wilson, DH; Andreasson, U; Norgren, N; Blennow, K; Zetterberg, H; - view fewer (2016) Blood biomarkers indicate mild neuroaxonal injury and increased amyloid production after transient hypoxia during breath-hold diving. Brain Injury , 30 (10) pp. 1226-1230. 10.1080/02699052.2016.1179792.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transient hypoxia during breath-hold diving causes neuronal damage or dysfunction or alters amyloid metabolism as measured by certain blood biomarkers. DESIGN: Sixteen divers competing in the national Swedish championship in breath-hold diving and five age-matched healthy control subjects were included. Blood samples were collected at baseline and over a course of 3 days where the divers competed in static apnea (STA), dynamic apnea without fins (DYN1) and dynamic apnea with fins (DYN2). MAIN OUTCOMES: Biomarkers reflecting brain injury and amyloid metabolism were analysed in serum (S-100β, NFL) and plasma (T-tau, Aβ42) using immunochemical methods. RESULTS: Compared to divers’ baseline, Aβ42 increased after the first event of static apnea (p = 0.0006). T-tau increased (p = 0.001) in STA vs baseline and decreased after one of the dynamic events, DYN2 (p = 0.03). Further, T-tau correlated with the length of the apneic time during STA (ρ = 0.7226, p = 0.004) and during DYN1 (ρ = 0.66, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that transient hypoxia may acutely increase the levels of Aβ42 and T-tau in plasma of healthy adults, further supporting that general hypoxia may cause mild neuronal dysfunction or damage and stimulate Aβ production.

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