Howard, DP;
Marchand, P;
Johnson, ID;
Carmalt, CJ;
Parkin, IP;
Darr, JA;
(2016)
Conducting Al and Ga-doped zinc oxides; rapid optimisation and scale-up.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
, 4
(33)
pp. 12774-12780.
10.1039/c6ta03364d.
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Abstract
A high-throughput synthesis, screening and subsequent scale-up approach was utilised for the optimisation of conductive aluminium and gallium-doped zinc oxide (AZO and GZO, respectively) nanoparticles. AZO and GZO nanoparticles with up to 6 at% dopant (with respect to Zn) were directly synthesised using a laboratory scale continuous hydrothermal process at a rate of 60 g per hour. The resistivities were determined by Hall effect measurements on pressed, heat-treated discs. Both Al- and Ga-doping yielded resistivities of the order of 1 × 10−2 Ω cm for most samples; the lowest resistivity of AZO was 7.0 × 10−3 Ω cm (at 2.5 at% Al doping), and the lowest resistivity of GZO was 9.1 × 10−3 Ω cm (at 3.5 at% Ga doping), which are considered exceptionally conductive for pressed nanopowders. Synthesis of the optimised lab-scale compositions was scaled-up using a pilot-scale continuous hydrothermal process at a production rate of 8 kg per day (by dry mass); results obtained from these nanopowders generally retained resistivity trends observed for the lab-scale analogues.
Type: | Article |
---|---|
Title: | Conducting Al and Ga-doped zinc oxides; rapid optimisation and scale-up |
Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
DOI: | 10.1039/c6ta03364d |
Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03364d |
Language: | English |
Additional information: | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. |
Keywords: | Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Technology, Chemistry, Physical, Energy & Fuels, Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Materials Science, Thin-Films, Transparent Conductors, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Nanocrystals, Zno, Nanomaterials, Spectroscopy, Electrodes, Deposition, Layers |
UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Chemistry |
URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1521247 |
1. | United States | 9 |
2. | China | 1 |
3. | United Kingdom | 1 |
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