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Emerging hepatic syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment

Bertino, G; Privitera, G; Purrello, F; Demma, S; Crisafulli, E; Spadaro, L; Koukias, N; (2016) Emerging hepatic syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Internal and Emergency Medicine , 11 (7) pp. 905-916. 10.1007/s11739-016-1478-7. Green open access

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Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly due to complications of portal hypertension. In this article, we review the current understanding on the pathophysiology, the diagnostic criteria and the available therapeutic options for patients with emerging hepatic syndromes in cirrhosis, namely the hepatorenal, hepato-adrenal and hepatopulmonary syndrome. The hepatorenal syndrome is a well-recognized complication of advanced cirrhosis and is usually associated with an accelerated course to death unless liver transplantation is performed. The hepatopulmonary syndrome is often missed in the evaluation of patients with cirrhosis; however, early recognition is essential for the efficient management of individual patients. The hepato-adrenal syndrome, although not fully characterized, offers an exciting field for research and potential therapeutic interventions.

Type: Article
Title: Emerging hepatic syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1478-7
Publisher version: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-016-1478-7
Language: English
Additional information: © SIMI 2016. The final publication is available at Springer via http://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-016-1478-7
Keywords: Hepatorenal, Hepato-adrenal, Hepatopulmonary, Cirrhosis
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Inst for Liver and Digestive Hlth
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1503729
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