Almaghaslah, DAM; (2016) An evaluation of the global pharmacy workforce highlighting pharmacy human resource issues within countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Doctoral thesis , UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

This thesis intends to develop an understanding of the status of pharmacy workforce and pharmacy education in the six Gulf Corporation Council Countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. It also evaluates the development of pharmacy services and job satisfaction in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Quantitative methodology was employed to provide comparisons between the Gulf region and other WHO regions. Data was collected using the FIP (The International Pharmaceutical Federation) Global Pharmacy Workforce Questionnaire, which is a validated tool, and conducted on a country-by-country basis. Country-level data was provided by the Ministry of Health and key education body in each country. The questionnaire gathered information about the number of pharmacies and pharmacy workforce in different sectors, data on pharmacy education, and information about pharmacy workforce planning. For the comparative analysis, data from the 2012 FIP Global Pharmacy Workforce Report was used. WHO regions categorisation was used. The WHO conceptual framework (availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality) was used to compare pharmacy in the GCC region with other WHO regions. Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis. Qualitative methodology in the form of 30 semi-structured interviews with hospital pharmacists in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia was utilised to provide an in-depth understanding of pharmacy services’ development and job satisfaction in both countries. A thematic analysis was used for the analysis. The comparison between the GCC region and other WHO regions produced the following results. Availability or the density of pharmacists in the GCC region was significantly higher than in the African region. Accessibility or the density of community pharmacies in the GCC region was significantly higher than in the African region; however, it was significantly lower than in the American region, the Eastern Mediterranean and the European region. Acceptability or the density of female pharmacy workforce in the GCC region was significantly higher than in the African region; however, it was lower than in the American region and the European region. Job satisfaction was negatively affected by high work overload, lack of appreciation from other health professionals and the public, poor financial incentives, and lack of clear job description. Pharmacy services’ development was influenced by the current pharmaceutical policies.

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