Morphological Features and Band Bending at Nonpolar Surfaces of ZnO

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Morphological Features and Band Bending at Nonpolar Surfaces of ZnO

Mora-Fonz, D; Buckeridge, J; Logsdail, AJ; Scanlon, DO; Sokol, AA; Woodley, S; Catlow, CRA; (2015) Morphological Features and Band Bending at Nonpolar Surfaces of ZnO. Journal of Physical Chemistry C , 119 (21) pp. 11598-11611. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01331. Green open access

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Abstract

We employ hybrid density functional calculations to analyze the structure and stability of the (101̅0) and (112̅0) ZnO surfaces, confirming the relative stability of the two surfaces. We then examine morphological features, including steps, dimer vacancies, and grooves, at the main nonpolar ZnO surface using density functional methods. Calculations explain why steps are common on the (101̅0) surface even at room temperature, as seen in experiment. The surface structure established has been used to obtain the definitive ionization potential and electron affinity of ZnO in good agreement with experiment. The band bending across the surface is analyzed by the decomposition of the density of states for each atomic layer. The upward surface band bending at the (101̅0) surface affects mostly the valence band by 0.32 eV, which results in the surface band gap closing by 0.31 eV; at the (112̅0) surface, the valence band remains flat and the conduction band bends up by 0.18 eV opening the surface band gap by 0.12 eV.

Type:	Article
Title:	Morphological Features and Band Bending at Nonpolar Surfaces of ZnO
Open access status:	An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI:	10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01331
Publisher version:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01331
Language:	English
Additional information:	ACS AuthorChoice - This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
UCL classification:	UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Chemistry UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Physics and Astronomy
URI:	https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1472431