Minnikin, DE;
Lee, OY-C;
Wu, HHT;
Nataraj, V;
Donoghue, HD;
Ridell, M;
Watanabe, M;
... Besra, GS; + view all
(2015)
Pathophysiological Implications of Cell Envelope Structure in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Related Taxa.
In: Wellman, R, (ed.)
Tuberculosis – Expanding Knowledge.
(pp. 145-175).
Intech: Rijeka, Croatia.
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a cell envelope incorporating a peptidoglycan-linked arabinogalactan esterified by long-chain mycolic acids. A range of “free” lipids are associated with the “bound” mycolic acids, producing an effective envelope outer membrane. The distribution of these lipids is discontinuous among mycobacteria and such lipids have proven potential for biomarker use in tracing the evolution of tuberculosis. A plausible evolutionary scenario involves progression from an environmental organism, such as Mycobacterium kansasii, through intermediate “smooth” tubercle bacilli, labelled “Mycobacterium canettii”; cell envelope lipid composition possibly correlates with such a progression. M. kansasii and “M. canettii” have characteristic lipooligosaccharides, associated with motility and biofilms, and glycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates (“phenolic glycolipids”). Both these lipid classes are absent in modern M. tuberculosis sensu stricto, though simplified phenolic glycolipids remain in certain current biotypes. Dimycocerosates of the phthiocerol family are restricted to smaller phthiodiolone diesters in M. kansasii. Diacyl and pentaacyl trehaloses are present in “M. canettii” and M. tuberculosis, where they are accompanied by related sulfated acyl trehaloses. In comparison with environmental mycobacteria, subtle modifications in mycolic acid structures in “M. canettii” and M. tuberculosis are notable. The probability of essential tuberculosis evolution taking place in Pleistocene megafauna, rather than Homo sapiens, is reemphasised.
| Type: | Book chapter |
|---|---|
| Title: | Pathophysiological Implications of Cell Envelope Structure in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Related Taxa |
| ISBN-13: | 9789535121398 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.5772/59585 |
| Publisher version: | http://www.intechopen.com/ |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the version of record. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Biomarkers, evolution, lipids, tuberculosis, zoonosis. |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Infection and Immunity |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469788 |
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