Kim, E;
Vaynzof, Y;
Sepe, A;
Guldin, S;
Scherer, M;
Cunha, P;
Roth, SV;
(2014)
Gyroid-Structured 3D ZnO Networks Made by Atomic Layer Deposition.
Advanced Functional Materials
, 24
(6)
863 - 872.
10.1002/adfm.201302238.
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Abstract
3D continuous ZnO morphologies with characteristic feature sizes on the 10 nm length scale are attractive for electronic device manufacture. However, their synthesis remains a challenge because of the low crystallization temperature of ZnO. Here, we report a method for the robust and reliable synthesis of fully crystalline 3D mesoporous ZnO networks by means of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO into a self-assembled block copolymer template. By carefully optimizing the processing conditions we are able to synthesize several-micrometer-thick layers of mesoporous ZnO networks with a strut width of 30 nm. Two 3D mesoporous morphologies are manufactured: a periodic gyroid structure and a random worm-like morphology. Exploiting the ALD property to conformally coat complex surfaces of high aspect ratio, the channel network of a 3D continuous channel network of a self-assembled block copolymer is replicated into ZnO. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the chemical composition of the mesoporous structures is uniform and consists of wurtzite-ZnO throughout the film. Scanning electron microscopy reveals an average pore dimension of 30 nm. The potential of this material for a hybrid photovoltaic application is demonstrated by the manufacture of a poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO solar cell.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Gyroid-Structured 3D ZnO Networks Made by Atomic Layer Deposition |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1002/adfm.201302238 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201302238 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This is the accepted version of the following article: Kim, E; Vaynzof, Y; Sepe, A; Guldin, S; Scherer, M; Cunha, P; Roth, SV; Steiner, U; - view fewer (2014) Gyroid-Structured 3D ZnO Networks Made by Atomic Layer Deposition. Advanced Functional Materials , 24 (6) 863 - 872.,which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201302238. affiliation: Kim, E (Reprint Author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Kim, Ellie; Vaynzof, Yana; Sepe, Alessandro; Guldin, Stefan; Scherer, Maik; Cunha, Pedro; Steiner, Ullrich, Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Roth, Stephan V., DESY, HASYLAB, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. keywords: ZnO; atomic layer deposition; polymer self assembly; nanostructures keywords-plus: SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER TEMPLATES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; METAL-OXIDE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCRYSTALS; MORPHOLOGIES; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES research-areas: Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics web-of-science-categories: Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter author-email: u.steiner@phy.cam.ac.uk researcherid-numbers: Steiner, Ullrich/K-4777-2013 Sepe, Alessandro/C-3934-2014 orcid-numbers: Steiner, Ullrich/0000-0001-5936-339X Sepe, Alessandro/0000-0002-2320-9398 funding-acknowledgement: Nokia Research Centre (Cambridge, UK); EPSRC funding-text: The authors thank S. Vignolini for her invaluable help and P. Muller-Buschbaum for providing the GISAXS beamtime. We acknowledge the Nokia Research Centre (Cambridge, UK) and the EPSRC for funding. Parts of this research were carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY. DESY is a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF). number-of-cited-references: 37 times-cited: 2 journal-iso: Adv. Funct. Mater. doc-delivery-number: AB7FB unique-id: ISI:000331953600019 |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Chemical Engineering |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1446965 |
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