Lakhkar, NJ; (2014) Phosphate Glass Microspheres as Cell Microcarrier Substrates for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Doctoral thesis , UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Phosphate glasses have demonstrated a high degree of suitability for use as biomaterials in a wide range of biomedical applications involving both hard and soft tissue regeneration. This study focused on the use of these glasses as substrate microcarrier materials for three-dimensional bone tissue formation. For this purpose, the successful production of phosphate glass microspheres in the ~10–200 μm size range was demonstrated using a simple, inexpensive and industrially scalable process. Microspheres made out of two different series of phosphate glass compositions were investigated: (a) iron phosphate glasses 0.5P2O5–0.4CaO–(0.1 – x)Na2O–xFe2O3 where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 mole fraction and (b) titanium phosphate glasses 0.5P2O5–0.4CaO–(0.1 – x)Na2O–xTiO2 where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mole fraction. Investigations of the microsphere physicochemical properties revealed the densification of the glass structure with increased metal oxide incorporation in the glass. Glass structural characterisation studies provided valuable information relating the physicochemical properties to glass structural arrangements at the glass phase and atomic levels. Cell culture studies involving culture of the microspheres with MG63 osteosarcoma cells and human mesenchymal stem cells indicated that microspheres made of glasses containing 3–7 mol% metal oxides, and particularly those containing 5 mol% TiO2, showed favourable characteristics in terms of cell attachment, viability, proliferation and release of proteins related to cell differentiation and metabolism under both static conditions in culture well plates and dynamic conditions in spinner flask bioreactors. Taken together, the results provide evidence of the potential of the investigated glass microspheres to function as effective microcarrier substrates for bone tissue engineering applications

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