Fraser, L;
Burnell, M;
Salter, LC;
Fourkala, EO;
Kalsi, J;
Ryan, A;
Gessler, S;
... Menon, U; + view all
(2014)
Identifying hopelessness in population research: a validation study of two brief measures of hopelessness.
BMJ Open
, 4
(5)
, Article e005093. 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005093.
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Abstract
Hopelessness is an important construct in psychosocial epidemiology, but there is great pressure on the length of questionnaire measures in large-scale population and clinical studies. We examined the validity and test-retest reliability of two brief measures of hopelessness, an existing negatively worded two-item measure of hopelessness (Brief-H-Neg) and a positively worded version of the same instrument (Brief-H-Pos).
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