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Doing ethics without a ‘Map’: How Chinese researchers develop ethical awareness in research with children

Guo, Kaidong; Zhu, Yan; Gao, Jie; Xu, Yuwei; Wang, Yuchen; Qu, Xiao; (2026) Doing ethics without a ‘Map’: How Chinese researchers develop ethical awareness in research with children. International Journal of Educational Research , 136 , Article 102914. 10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102914. Green open access

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Abstract

This paper explores how researchers working with children in China navigate ethical challenges in the contexts of limited institutional guidance and the tension between global ethical principles and local moral expectations. Drawing on dialogic focus groups with 30 Chinese participants who have experience doing research with children, we conceptualise ethics not as compliance with rules but as an interplay of ethical awareness and practice shaped by affective, relational, and institutional conditions. Ethical awareness is theorised as a situated and relational capacity to recognise and respond to morally important moments under uncertainty. It develops through hesitation, discomfort and negotiation, particularly within ethical double binds between procedural frameworks and relational obligations. Rather than advancing a culturalist model, our paper offers a practice-based perspective that foregrounds ambiguity, moral complexity and the emotional labour of ethical decision-making. We argue for moving beyond universalist paradigms towards dialogic and context-sensitive approaches to research ethics. The paper concludes with implications for researchers, ethics committees and institutions seeking to foster reflexive and decolonising practices in cross-cultural qualitative inquiry.

Type: Article
Title: Doing ethics without a ‘Map’: How Chinese researchers develop ethical awareness in research with children
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102914
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102914
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Research ethics; Ethical awareness; Childhood studies; Ethical Double Bind; China
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Education, Practice and Society
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Education > UCL Institute of Education > IOE - Learning and Leadership
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10219440
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