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Müllerian Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies: One Mimicry Ring to Bring Them All and in the Jungle Bind Them

Perochon, Eddie; Rosser, Neil; Kozak, Krzysztof; Mcmillan, W Owen; Huertas, Blanca; Mallet, James; Ready, Jonathan; ... Dore, Mael; + view all (2025) Müllerian Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies: One Mimicry Ring to Bring Them All and in the Jungle Bind Them. Global Ecology and Biogeography , 34 (9) , Article e70127. 10.1111/geb.70127. Green open access

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Abstract

AIM: Uncovering the effects of Müllerian mimetic interactions on the evolution of species niches and geographic distributions at a continental scale. LOCATION: Neotropics and part of Nearctic. TIME PERIOD: 19th century to present, with most data collected within the last 30 years. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Heliconiini (Heliconiinae) and Ithomiini (Danainae) butterfly tribes. METHODS: We leveraged a dataset of 67,563 geolocalized occurrences from fieldwork observations and museum collections to map broad-scale biodiversity patterns of heliconiine butterflies. We tested for congruences and disparities with known Ithomiini biodiversity patterns, a group from which they diverged 86.5 My ago, yet share numerous warning wing colour patterns. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test for both the spatial co-occurrence of species with similar aposematic wing patterns and the convergence of their climatic niche within and between tribes. RESULTS: Both tribes exhibit wide overlap in biodiversity hotspots across the Neotropics, including a high prevalence of rare species and mimetic patterns in the tropical Andes. Ithomiine species dominate Andean communities, while the Amazon basin hosts a higher relative richness of heliconiines. Phenotypically similar species within and between tribes share climatic niches as a result of selection favouring both co-occurrence of look-alike species and convergence of warning signals within local communities. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: We documented continental-scale spatial and evolutionary associations among species sharing warning signals both within and between tribes separated by 86.5 My of independent evolutionary history. Our results provide empirical evidence for the pervasive effects of mutualistic interactions on biodiversity patterns. Critically, they also emphasise the vulnerability of mimetic communities, bound together by positive interactions, to disassembly induced by climate change.

Type: Article
Title: Müllerian Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies: One Mimicry Ring to Bring Them All and in the Jungle Bind Them
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1111/geb.70127
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70127
Language: English
Additional information: © 2025 The Author(s). Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspots, comparative phylogenetic analyses, heliconiines, ithomiines, Lepidoptera, Müllerian mimicry, Neotropics, niche convergence, spatial co-occurrence
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences > Genetics, Evolution and Environment
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10216535
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