Amin, Khalid; (2025) Augmented reality to support the installation of MEP systems: a conceptual framework. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems are critical to building functionality, energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and safety. Representing 40–60% of total project costs. The inherent complexity of MEP systems often leads to costly rework, budget overruns, and schedule delays. While Building Information Modelling (BIM) has enhanced MEP design coordination, challenges remain in effectively communicating design information capturing as-built conditions accurately and timely. This research investigates using Augmented Reality (AR) as a solution to these challenges through an industry-focused approach. Utilising case study research design, the study combines action research, AR data capture, direct observation, and stakeholder interviews. AR was deployed for pre- and post-installation inspection of MEP systems in three construction projects in the UK. Findings revealed significant design deviations post-installation, despite pre-installation inspections indicating minimal future issues, revealing a gap between design intent and construction execution. The study demonstrated AR’s effectiveness as a tool for capturing constructability insights and conveying them to design teams through rich visual evidence and detailed, context-specific commentary from installation teams. Furthermore, AR streamlined as-built modelling workflows by bypassing the time-consuming and resource-intensive steps of scanning, registering, and processing point cloud data. A four-stage AR implementation framework: planning, setup, inspection, and reporting, was formulated. Key themes emerged around enhanced collaboration between office and site teams, improved information flow, and the necessity for BIM team upskilling. The research identified required modifications to current BIM team structures and workflows to overcome both technical and organisational barriers of AR implementation. Finally, this research contributes a conceptual framework for AR implementation, by integrating the BIM fields: people, process, platform (3Ps) with the key functions of AR: positioning, interaction, visualisation, collaboration, automation, and integration (PIVCAT). The framework provides a structured approach to describe the practical application of AR, simplifying the implementation into visual representations of behaviour, interactions, and functionality.

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