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Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging

Dietsch, Solene; Allan, Harry; Lindenroth, Lukas; Moss, Robert; Stilli, Agostino; Stoyanov, Danail; (2025) Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging. Scientific Reports , 15 (1) , Article 12371. 10.1038/s41598-025-96768-z. Green open access

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Abstract

This paper presents the development of a novel X-ray detector composed of silicone elastomer and GOS:Tb, which we refer to as imaging skins. These detectors were integrated into a custom X-ray system to convert radiation into visible light. Our study focused on how fabrication parameters such as thickness and concentration impact sensor linearity, considering their potential application directly on the skin or organs to identify tumour margins during surgery. In addition, we examined how the stretching capabilities of these detectors influenced the image quality. Our imaging detection stack demonstrated consistent linearity across various fabrication parameters with the coefficient of determination () more than 0.99998, showing that the silicone elastomer does not affect the conversion of the X-ray into light. We achieved a spatial resolution of 1.16–1.42 lp/mm at 10% of the Spatial Frequency Response using a 0.5-mm thick sensor. This study represents a first step towards integrating stretchable X-ray detectors into clinical settings, particularly on curved surfaces, to unlock their full potential in complex surgical configurations. It also highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the interactions between X-rays and detector materials to fully interpret the observed effects.

Type: Article
Title: Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging
Location: England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96768-z
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96768-z
Language: English
Additional information: Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2025
Keywords: Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, X-ray detector, Soft materials, Stretchable sensor, Scintillator, Image quality, SCINTILLATORS
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Computer Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Med Phys and Biomedical Eng
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10214461
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