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What can empirical research tell us about how to develop students’ historical empathy? A scoping review

Harnes, H.B.; (2025) What can empirical research tell us about how to develop students’ historical empathy? A scoping review. History Education Research Journal , 22 (1) , Article 18. 10.14324/HERJ.22.1.18. Green open access

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Abstract

The aim of this scoping review is to systematically select, analyse and synthesise recent empirical research to better understand the factors that influence students’ learning of historical empathy, as well as the implications for educators. The review also maps conceptualisations of historical empathy, finding that it is predominantly understood as both an affective and a cognitive concept. Notably, there appears to be a slight shift in conceptualisations over time, from a notion of ‘stepping into other people’s shoes’ to a focus on ‘understanding’ perspectives of people in the past. Two particularly influential pedagogical frameworks are identified: one by Keith C. Barton and Linda S. Levstik, and the other by Jason L. Endacott and Sarah Brooks. Key factors influencing students’ learning of historical empathy include the ability to contextualise and see multiple perspectives, student engagement and emotions, presentism and moral judgment, and student identification and identity. The synthesis of findings suggests several implications for educators aiming to foster historical empathy. These include the importance of introducing multiple historical perspectives, providing sufficient substantive knowledge, scaffolding contextualisation, harnessing affective dimensions, encouraging moral responses while challenging presentist judgment, and being aware of the influence of contemporary contexts, namely societal narratives and values, students’ identities and the historical topic at hand.

Type: Article
Title: What can empirical research tell us about how to develop students’ historical empathy? A scoping review
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.14324/HERJ.22.1.18
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.14324/HERJ.22.1.18
Language: English
Additional information: © 2025, Helga Bjørke Harnes. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Keywords: historical empathy, scoping review, empirical research, student, primary education, secondary education, history education
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10214175
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