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Robust pH Sensing Using a Graphene Oxide and Covalent Organic Frameworks Composite for Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Diagnosis

Salem, Ahmed HM; Zhang, Jianhui; Lam, Ashley; Wang, Haowei; Cheema, Umber; Lovat, Laurence B; Tiwari, Manish K; (2025) Robust pH Sensing Using a Graphene Oxide and Covalent Organic Frameworks Composite for Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Diagnosis. Advanced Healthcare Materials , Article e02106. 10.1002/adhm.202502106. Green open access

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Abstract

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease affects 15–20% of the global population and is commonly diagnosed via 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring. However, current diagnostic tools, including catheter-based systems and ingestible capsules, suffer from poor patient compliance and unreliable pH readings due to sensor degradation in acidic environments. To address this challenge, a robust, composite pH sensor is reported in this work by combining graphene oxide (GO) with covalent organic frameworks (COFs) coatings. Through interfacial polymerization and liquid-phase exfoliation, the COF protective layer is covalently formed on GO sheets, preserving GO integrity in acidic conditions while enhancing electrochemical performance benefitting from the intrinsic porosity of COFs. The COFs nanochannels with sulfonic groups enable selective proton transport, resulting in high ion selectivity and sensitivity (≈43 mV pH−1, in pH 1–10). The sensor exhibits excellent linearity, stability, and high reproducibility in simulated gastric fluid. Furthermore, it resists biofouling from mucin-rich environments and maintains performance under cyclic mechanical deformation. The GO/COFs composites also show biocompatibility with esophageal epithelial cells. These findings suggest that leveraging COFs as biocompatible protective coatings offers a promising strategy for enhancing the robustness and sensitivity of sensing materials in harsh environments and facilitates the future development of ingestible devices for continuous pH monitoring.

Type: Article
Title: Robust pH Sensing Using a Graphene Oxide and Covalent Organic Frameworks Composite for Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Diagnosis
Location: Germany
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202502106
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202502106
Language: English
Additional information: © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: Biocompatibility, covalent organic frameworks, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, graphene oxide, pH Sensing
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Surgery and Interventional Sci
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Mechanical Engineering
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Surgery and Interventional Sci > Department of Targeted Intervention
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10214135
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