Inzaule, S; Silva, R; Ford, N; Thwin, SS; Waasila, J; Zumla, A; Doherty, M; ... Bertagnolio, S; + view all Inzaule, S; Silva, R; Ford, N; Thwin, SS; Waasila, J; Zumla, A; Doherty, M; Diaz, J; Bertagnolio, S; - view fewer (2025) Comparative analyses of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in people living with HIV during SARS-CoV-2 pre-delta, delta, and omicron waves: data from the who global clinical platform. AIDS 10.1097/QAD.0000000000004323. (In press).

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Abstract

Background: We investigated in-hospital mortality trends across waves of different SARS-CoV-2 variants and assessed the effect of COVID-19 immunization among PLHIV. Method: We analyzed individual-level data from the WHO Global Clinic Platform comprising 823,845 hospitalized children and adults from 61 countries. Survival analyses was used to assess the association of HIV co-infection with in-hospital mortality across SARS-CoV-2 pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron variant waves. Findings: PLHIV experienced significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to HIV-negative individuals across all variant waves. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for PLHIV mortality were 1.85 (95%CI 1.76-1.93) during the pre-Delta wave, 1.58 (95%CI 1.42-1.74) during the Delta wave, and 3.07 (95%CI 2.75-3.42) during the Omicron wave. In-hospital mortality risk was notably higher in PLHIV with CD4 ≤200 cells/mm³. While mortality declined modestly between pre-Delta and Delta waves in both HIV-negative (10% reduction) and HIV-positive populations (9% reduction), the decline was more substantial for HIV-negative individuals during the Omicron wave (from 18.9% to 8.0%) than for PLHIV (from 24.2% to 19.3%) relative to the Delta wave. Interpretation: Although in-hospital mortality among HIV-negative individuals declined markedly during the Omicron wave, reduction in PLHIV was less pronounced, leading to a relatively higher mortality risk for this group. These findings highlight the need for adherence to WHO recommendations on booster vaccinations and therapeutics for populations at elevated risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, including PLHIV.

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