Gupta, Rohit;
Salaris, Nikolaos;
Kalkal, Ashish;
Chang, Fernando Yuen;
Javed, Maryam;
Khan, Azhar Ali;
Mandal, Priya;
... Tiwari, Manish K; + view all
(2025)
Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplants.
Advanced Healthcare Materials
, Article e02831. 10.1002/adhm.202502831.
(In press).
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Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients face a high risk of acute rejection (AR), where the immune system attacks the transplanted organ. Current diagnostics rely on invasive biopsies with procedural risks, costs, and limited temporal resolution. While urinary chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 are promising non-invasive AR biomarkers, clinical adoption is limited by labor-intensive detection and lack of point-of-care (POC) solutions. A rapid, label-free electrochemical biosensing platform for simultaneous quantification of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines from 5 µL of unprocessed urine in 15 min, which for ELISA and biopsy is between 24–72 hrs, is presented. The system uses screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a Ti3C2Tx MXene-crosslinked bovine serum albumin hydrogel, offering high conductivity, nano-porosity, anti-fouling properties, and signal stability for up to 30 days. The platform enables single-digit pg/mL-level sensitivity, meeting clinical thresholds. In a prospective clinical study, biosensor-measured chemokine data trained a bootstrapped logistic regression classifier, achieving 83% AR classification accuracy. When combined with additional clinical and histopathological features, accuracy increased to 98%. This work integrates advanced materials, biosensor engineering, and machine learning to deliver a scalable, cost-effective POC solution for real-time, non-invasive AR monitoring. The platform will help reduce biopsy dependence, enable earlier intervention, and ultimately improve long-term transplant outcomes.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplants |
| Location: | Germany |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1002/adhm.202502831 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202502831 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Keywords: | Acute rejection, antifouling, electrochemical biosensor, kidney disease monitoring, point‐of‐care diagnostics |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Surgery and Interventional Sci UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Mechanical Engineering UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Surgery and Interventional Sci > Department of Surgical Biotechnology |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10213251 |
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