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Walking a tightrope: Social support in early adulthood in resource-constrained South Africa

Hoór, D; Nxumalo, V; McGrath, N; Seeley, J; Shahmanesh, M; Harling, G; (2025) Walking a tightrope: Social support in early adulthood in resource-constrained South Africa. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 10.1177/02654075251337551. (In press). Green open access

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Abstract

Supportive social relations are crucial to wellbeing as young adults transition to independence, especially when these transitions are impeded by limited employment and educational opportunities, leading to lengthy ‘waithoods’. Yet, there is limited empirical evidence on what young adults’ support networks look like in highly resource-constrained settings. We therefore analysed the core support networks of 929 16-29 year-old rural South Africans to explore their social support landscape, using descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models. We found that these youth have small but intense support networks, with contacts often providing multiple types of support on a daily basis. While kin and parents are important support sources when present, parents are also frequently missing from these networks. Women received more intense support than men with more kin ties; men’s networks contained more friends. While non-kin ties (friends and romantic partners) provide substantial support, they may also be unstable: for young men through dissolution following conflict and for young women due to the transactional nature of romantic relations. These findings imply that where work opportunities are scarce, young people’s support networks are smaller and less parentally focused than elsewhere, potentially increasing their fragility and raising the risk of isolation.

Type: Article
Title: Walking a tightrope: Social support in early adulthood in resource-constrained South Africa
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1177/02654075251337551
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075251337551
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Keywords: social support, personal networks, South Africa, waithood, gender, family, friends
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10210191
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