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Mpox: A case study for a one health approach to infectious disease prevention

Hayman, DTS; Koopmans, MPG; Cunningham, AA; Bukachi, SA; Masirika, LM; Markotter, W; Mettenleiter, TC; (2025) Mpox: A case study for a one health approach to infectious disease prevention. One Health , 20 , Article 101059. 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101059. Green open access

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Abstract

Mpox has been declared a global health emergency twice by the World Health Organization due to its impacts within and beyond Africa. Enzootic in Central and West African wildlife, mpox outbreaks have resulted from zoonotic spillover, with recent events revealing increased human-to-human transmission. Factors like population growth and environmental disruption, alongside reduced smallpox immunity, increase emergence risk. In addition, the emergence in South Kivu of a distinct subclade of mpox virus points at a currently understudied aspect of mpox virus lineages and their dynamics in reservoir hosts. A One Health approach—integrating human, animal, and environmental science—is essential for reducing the risk of mpox emergence. This approach should encompass ecological studies to understand putative reservoir population dynamics and the potential for interventions, reducing activities that increase human-animal contacts, respectful community engagement to reduce spillover risk from cultural practices (such as hunting multiple species of wildlife for consumption), and socially acceptable and equitable access to medical and non-medical countermeasures to prevent or control ongoing human-to-human transmission. Politically supported collaborative efforts across disciplines with involvement of stakeholders are critical to promote and strengthen socially and environmentally sustainable practices to mitigate future outbreaks.

Type: Article
Title: Mpox: A case study for a one health approach to infectious disease prevention
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101059
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101059
Language: English
Additional information: © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Monkeypox virus, Zoonotic spillover, Reservoir hosts, Infectious disease emergence, Drivers, Epidemiology
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences > Genetics, Evolution and Environment
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10210031
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