Lee, Deborah; (2025) The visual, the textual, and the one-dimensional: An exploration of the visual elements of bibliographic classification schemes. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (In press).

Text Lee -- The visual, the textual, and the one-dimensional -- Accepted version.pdf Access restricted to UCL open access staff until 14 December 2025. Download (765kB)

Abstract

Classification schemes are a key way of organizing bibliographic knowledge, yet the way that classification schemes communicate their information to classifiers receives little attention. This article takes a novel approach by exploring the visual aspects contained within classification schemes. The research uses a classification scheme analysis methodology. Three different classification scheme phenomena are discussed in terms of their visualization: hierarchy, notation, and notes. Indentation is found to be a significant —and implicit — method of communicating hierarchy to classifiers, and offers intriguing solutions to the issues of transmuting from two dimensions into one. The visual elements of notation reveal a strong separation between notation and class, while the visual elements of notes illuminate a varying narrative around the position of notes in the classification scheme. A categorization system for visual elements in classification schemes is presented. Model 1 proffers visual elements as a fourth plane of classification, which extends and remodels Ranganathan’s Three Planes of Work. Model 2 shows how visual elements could fit into classification scheme versioning. Ultimately, looking at visual aspects of classification schemes is a novel way of thinking about knowledge organization, and can help us to better understand – and ultimately, to better use – classification schemes.

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