Nieto-Combariza, MariaJosé; Galeano-Duque, Vanessa; Mensah, Stephen Leonard; Frimpong, Louis Kusi; Okyere, Seth Asare; Oviedo, Daniel; (2025) Self-built infrastructure interventions to (un)walkable streets: Pedestrian accessibility, safety and enjoyment in a neighbourhood in Accra. Cities , 161 , Article 105911. 10.1016/j.cities.2025.105911.

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Abstract

This paper investigates the role of self-built infrastructure interventions in shaping pedestrian perceptions. The paper expands on the Oviedo et al. (2021) framework for critically understanding walking in Sub Saharan Africa, proposing an analytical approach to examine the spatial relationship between self-built interventions to the walking environment and the perceptions of diverse pedestrians. Using Accra New Town, a neighbourhood in Accra, Ghana, as case study, the paper examines whether recognising self-built public space amenities in a context of fragmented, limited, and unequal infrastructure provision may contribute to cities' long-term objectives for sustainable development. Acknowledging self-built modifications could guide policies attuned to localized needs, reinforcing long-term equitable infrastructural development. Through geolocated structured interviews, spatial analysis and photographic records, our findings show the widespread presence of self-built infrastructure that adapts public spaces to navigate the existing risks and limitations of the built environment. Some of these interventions address the need for basic pedestrian infrastructure, such as speed bumps or streetlights, whereas others are temporary adaptations to cover drainages or create shade. Our analysis suggests that such environmental interventions are significantly related to the safety dimensions of the walking experience while the connection to enjoyment and accessibility requires further research. These findings emphasize that pedestrians' most pressing challenge is safety and underscore the potential of recognising self-built interventions for more inclusive urban strategies. Although the spatial correlation of the interventions to enjoyment and accessibility was inconclusive, pedestrians' comfort and motivations for walking show the need to understand these dimensions for integrated planning approaches for walkability.

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