Dong, H; Gao, X; Zhu, J; Xiong, B; He, H; Ouyang, M; He, G; ... Lin, Z; + view all Dong, H; Gao, X; Zhu, J; Xiong, B; He, H; Ouyang, M; He, G; Li, H; Lin, Z; - view fewer (2025) What's next for batteries? A radical rethink of battery technology development for transportation and grid applications. Materials Today Energy , 50 , Article 101864. 10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101864.

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Abstract

The evolution of battery technologies is redefining both transportation and grid energy systems as we strive for a sustainable future. With electric vehicle (EV) adoption surging to over 10 % of global vehicle sales and grid storage becoming essential for renewable energy integration, the demand for advanced, efficient batteries has never been higher. While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate today's landscape, concerns over cost, safety, and resource limitations are driving the search for alternatives, such as sodium-ion and hybrid energy storage systems. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of current battery technologies and explores a radical rethink—one that merges existing strengths with innovative hybrid approaches to meet the demands of next-generation applications. Achieving carbon neutrality hinges on the creation of batteries with superior energy density, enhanced safety, and affordability. The path forward combines breakthroughs in materials science with forward-thinking policy and market strategies, heralding a paradigm shift in energy storage innovation.

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