Tyurikova, Olga;
(2024)
Morphological and physiological features of human cerebral cortical astrocytes in regenerative medicine: a narrative review.
Regenerative Medicine Reports
, 1
(1)
pp. 52-58.
10.4103/regenmed.regenmed-d-24-00003.
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Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for various functions in the brain, including regulating synaptic transmission, maintaining ion homeostasis, and supporting neuronal network activity. Despite over a century of recognition that human astrocytes differ morphologically from those of other mammals, detailed functional studies have been limited due to challenges in obtaining live human brain tissue. This narrative review revisits recent findings on the morphological and physiological properties of human astrocytes, particularly those focusing on cortical astrocytes. I summarize the main anatomical and functional features of the different types of human astrocytes and briefly compare human astrocytes with what is known about astrocytes in mice and/or primates. I greatly summarize the physiological properties of human astrocytes, with emphasis on their intrinsic properties, potassium ion uptake and syncytium connectivity, emphasizing recent advances that have enhanced our understanding of astrocytic functionality in the human brain and their possible role in regenerative medicine.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Morphological and physiological features of human cerebral cortical astrocytes in regenerative medicine: a narrative review |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.4103/regenmed.regenmed-d-24-00003 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.4103/regenmed.regenmed-d-24-000... |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
| Keywords: | Astrocytes; biomedical engineering; fibrous astrocytes; human brain; interlaminar astrocytes; neocortex; protoplasmic astrocytes; regenerative medicine; regenerative therapy; synaptic transmission; varicose projection astrocytes |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10206186 |
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