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An integrated design for high-energy, durable zinc–iodine batteries with ultra-high recycling efficiency

Zhang, Leiqian; Ding, Han; Gao, Haiqi; Gong, Jiaming; Guo, Hele; Zhang, Shuoqing; Yu, Yi; ... Liu, Tianxi; + view all (2025) An integrated design for high-energy, durable zinc–iodine batteries with ultra-high recycling efficiency. Energy and Environmental Science 10.1039/d4ee05873a. (In press). Green open access

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Abstract

Zinc–iodine batteries (ZIBs) have long struggled with the uncontrolled spread of polyiodide in aqueous electrolytes, despite their environmentally friendly, inherently safe, and cost-effective nature. Here, we present an integral redesign of ZIBs that encompasses both the electrolyte and cell structure. The developed self-sieving polyiodide-capable liquid–liquid biphasic electrolyte can achieve an impressive polyiodide extraction efficiency of 99.98%, harnessing a meticulously iodine-containing hydrophobic solvated shell in conjunction with the salt-out effect. This advancement facilitates a membrane-free design with a Coulombic efficiency of ∼100% at 0.1C, alongside an ultra-low self-discharge rate of ∼3.4% per month and capacity retention of 83.1% after 1300 cycles (iodine areal loading: 22.2 mg cm−2). Furthermore, the integrated cell structure, paired with the low-cost electrolyte ($4.6 L−1), enables rapid assembly into A h-level batteries within hours (1.18 A h after 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 86.7%), supports electrolyte regeneration with ∼100% recycling efficiency, and extends to ZIBs with a two-electron iodine conversion reaction. This endeavor establishes a novel paradigm for the development of practical zinc–iodine batteries.

Type: Article
Title: An integrated design for high-energy, durable zinc–iodine batteries with ultra-high recycling efficiency
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1039/d4ee05873a
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05873a
Language: English
Additional information: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.
Keywords: Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Energy & Fuels, Engineering, Chemical, Environmental Sciences, Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, SUPERCAPACITORS, ELECTROLYTES
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Chemistry
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205526
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