Jackson, Sarah E;
Cox, Sharon;
Buss, Vera;
Tattan-Birch, Harry;
Brown, Jamie;
(2025)
Trends in smoking prevalence and socio-economic inequalities
across regions in England: A population study, 2006 to 2024.
Addiction
10.1111/add.70032.
(In press).
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Abstract
Background and Aim: In addition to national policies and interventions, certain regions in England (particularly in the North) coordinate regional tobacco control programmes. This study aimed to (i) examine trends in tobacco smoking prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking across regions and (ii) explore how trends in smoking prevalence have differed between regions with and without dedicated regional tobacco control activity. // Design: Observational study using data drawn from nationally representative monthly cross-sectional household surveys, conducted between November 2006 and July 2024. // Setting: England. // Participants: 368 057 adults (≥16 years old). // Measurements: We used logistic regression to estimate time trends in current smoking by region, and tested interactions with occupational social grade to explore differences between more and less advantaged groups. // Findings: Smoking prevalence declined most in the North [28.8% to 15.8%; −12.9 percentage points (95% confidence interval −14.4 to −11.5)], similar to the national average in the Midlands [25.2% to 16.0%; −9.2 (−10.6 to −7.9)], and least in the South [22.7% to 17.3%; −5.3 (−6.5 to −4.0)], reducing regional disparities such that prevalence was similar across regions in 2024. Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence between more and less advantaged social grades fell most in Yorkshire and the Humber [from 17.9 percentage points (14.1−21.8) to 3.7 (0.4−7.0)] and the West Midlands [from 16.1 (12.8−19.6) to 3.0 (−0.03 to 6.0)]. Regions with sustained regional tobacco control activity saw greater declines in smoking prevalence [−13.3 (−15.3 to −11.3)] than regions with none [−9.3 (−10.0 to −8.5)]. // Conclusions: Between 2006 and 2024, smoking rates in the North of England fell faster than the national average, narrowing the geographic inequalities in smoking prevalence and bringing the North of England into alignment with other regions by 2024. Regional tobacco control programmes appeared to contribute to this progress.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Trends in smoking prevalence and socio-economic inequalities across regions in England: A population study, 2006 to 2024 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1111/add.70032 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70032 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Keywords: | Cigarettes, observational study, population trends, regional, smoking, tobacco, tobacco control |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Epidemiology and Health > Behavioural Science and Health |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205491 |
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