Appios, Anna;
Davies, James;
Sirvent, Sofia;
Henderson, Stephen;
Trzebanski, Sébastien;
Schroth, Johannes;
Law, Morven L;
... Bennett, Clare L; + view all
(2024)
Convergent evolution of monocyte differentiation in adult skin instructs Langerhans cell identity.
Science Immunology
, 9
(99)
, Article eadp0344. 10.1126/sciimmunol.adp0344.
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Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are distinct among phagocytes, functioning both as embryo-derived, tissue-resident macrophages in skin innervation and repair and as migrating professional antigen-presenting cells, a function classically assigned to dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we demonstrate that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors imprint this dual identity. Using ablation of embryo-derived LCs in the murine adult skin and tracking differentiation of incoming monocyte-derived replacements, we found intrinsic intraepidermal heterogeneity. We observed that ontogenically distinct monocytes give rise to LCs. Within the epidermis, Jagged-dependent activation of Notch signaling, likely within the hair follicle niche, provided an initial site of LC commitment before metabolic adaptation and survival of monocyte-derived LCs. In the human skin, embryo-derived LCs in newborns retained transcriptional evidence of their macrophage origin, but this was superseded by DC-like immune modules after postnatal expansion. Thus, adaptation to adult skin niches replicates conditioning of LC at birth, permitting repair of the embryo-derived LC network.
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