Mondi, Annalisa;
Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro;
Tavelli, Alessandro;
Cingolani, Antonella;
Giacomelli, Andrea;
Orofino, Giancarlo;
De Girolamo, Gabriella;
... ICONA Foundation Study Group; + view all
(2024)
Persistent poor clinical outcomes of people living with HIV presenting with AIDS and late HIV diagnosis - results from the ICONA cohort in Italy, 2009-2022.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
, 142
, Article 106995. 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106995.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Limited data are available on the long-term outcomes in recent years for late HIV diagnosis (LD). METHODS: All subjects with HIV enrolled in the ICONA cohort in 2009-2022 who started antiretroviral treatment (ART) within 4 months from diagnosis were included and divided into: (i) pre-ART CD4 count ≥350/mm3 without AIDS (non-LD), (ii) pre-ART CD4 count <350/mm3 without AIDS (LD asymptomatic), and (iii) with AIDS events pre-ART (LD-AIDS). The estimated probability and independent risk for mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) and treatment failure were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 6813 participants (2448 non-LD, 3198 LD asymptomatic, and 1167 LD-AIDS), 161 (2.4%) died after ART initiation. At survival analysis, a higher probability of all-cause mortality has been identified for LD than non-LD (P <0.001) and within the former, for LD-AIDS over LD asymptomatic (P <0.001). After adjusting for confounders, LD showed a higher risk of all-cause mortality (vs non-LD adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 5.51, P <0.001) and, in particular, being an AIDS presenter predicted a greater risk of all-cause (aHR = 4.42, P <0.001), AIDS-related (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR] = 16.86, P <0.001), and non-AIDS-related mortality (aSHR = 1.74, P = 0.022) than the rest of the late presenters. Among the short-term survivors in the LD-AIDS group, the long-term mortality was mediated by the lack of immune recovery at 2 years. Finally, LD compared with non-LD and, particularly, among the former, LD-AIDS over LD asymptomatic showed a greater risk of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, LD subjects, particularly, AIDS presenters, remained at a higher risk of poorer outcomes. Public health strategies for early HIV diagnosis are urgently needed to constrain the mortality gap.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Persistent poor clinical outcomes of people living with HIV presenting with AIDS and late HIV diagnosis - results from the ICONA cohort in Italy, 2009-2022 |
| Location: | Canada |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106995 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106995 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
| Keywords: | AIDS, HIV, Immune recovery, Late presenters, Mortality |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute for Global Health > Infection and Population Health |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10190602 |
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