Keyte, L;
Kama, M;
Chuang, KJ;
Ilsedore Cleeves, L;
Drozdovskaya, MN;
Furuya, K;
Rawlings, J;
(2024)
Spatially resolving the volatile sulfur abundance in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disc.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
, 528
(1)
pp. 388-407.
10.1093/mnras/stae019.
(In press).
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Abstract
Volatile elements play a crucial role in the formation of planetary systems. Their abundance and distribution in protoplanetary discs provide vital insights into the connection between formation processes and the atmospheric composition of individual planets. Sulfur, being one of the most abundant elements in planet-forming environments, is of great significance, and now observable in exoplanets with JWST. However, planetary formation models currently lack vital knowledge regarding sulfur chemistry in protoplanetary discs. Developing a deeper understanding of the major volatile sulfur carriers in discs is essential to building models that can meaningfully predict planetary atmospheric composition, and reconstruct planetary formation pathways. In this work, we combine archival observations with new data from the Atacama Large sub-Millimeter Array (ALMA) and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), covering a range of sulfur-bearing species/isotopologs. We interpret this data using the dali thermo-chemical code, for which our model is highly refined and disc-specific. We find that volatile sulfur is heavily depleted from the cosmic value by a factor of ∼1000, with a disc-averaged abundance of S/H ∼10-8. We show that the gas-phase sulfur abundance varies radially by 3 orders of magnitude, with the highest abundances inside the inner dust ring and coincident with the outer dust ring at r ∼150-230 au. Extracting chemical abundances from our models, we find OCS, H2CS, and CS to be the dominant molecular carriers in the gas phase. We also infer the presence of a substantial OCS ice reservoir. We relate our results to the potential atmospheric composition of planets in HD 100546, and the wider exoplanet population.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Spatially resolving the volatile sulfur abundance in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disc |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1093/mnras/stae019 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae019 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited |
| Keywords: | planets and satellites: formation – protoplanetary discs – submillimetre: planetary systems |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Physics and Astronomy |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10186315 |
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