Radvar, Elham;
Griffanti, Gabriele;
Tsolaki, Elena;
Bertazzo, Sergio;
Nazhat, Showan N;
Addison, Owen;
Mata, Alvaro;
... Elsharkawy, Sherif; + view all
(2021)
Engineered In vitro Models for Pathological Calcification: Routes Toward Mechanistic Understanding.
Advanced NanoBiomed Research
, 1
(8)
, Article 2100042. 10.1002/anbr.202100042.
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Abstract
Physiological calcification plays an essential part in the development of the skeleton and teeth; however, the occurrence of calcification in soft tissues such as the brain, heart, and kidneys associates with health impacts, creating a massive social and economic burden. The current paradigm for pathological calcification focuses on the biological factors responsible for bone-like mineralization, including osteoblast-like cells and proteins inducing nucleation and crystal growth. However, the exact mechanism responsible for calcification remains unknown. Toward this goal, this review dissects the current understanding of structure–function relationships and physico-chemical properties of pathologic calcification from a materials science point of view. We will discuss a range of potential mechanisms of pathological calcification, with the purpose of identifying universal mechanistic pathways that occur across multiple organs/tissues at multiple length scales. The possible effect of extracellular components in signaling and templating mineralization, as well as the role of intrinsically disordered proteins in calcification, is reviewed. The state-of-the-art in vitro models and strategies that can recreate the highly dynamic environment of calcification are identified.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Engineered In vitro Models for Pathological Calcification: Routes Toward Mechanistic Understanding |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1002/anbr.202100042 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202100042 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2021 The Authors. Advanced NanoBiomed Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | calcified deposits, in vitro models, intrinsically disordered proteins, pathological calcification |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Med Phys and Biomedical Eng |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10182493 |
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