Crawford, Claire; Belfield, Chris; Sibieta, Luke; (2018) Long-run comparisons of spending per pupil across different stages of education. Institute for Fiscal Studies: London, UK.

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Abstract

Government spending on education grew by around 1.7% per year in real terms over the 1980s and 1990s, before increasing sharply over the 2000s by more than 5% per year in real terms. With the exception of 16–18 education spending, most areas of education have been protected from cuts since 2010–11.// These series of day-to-day spending per pupil allow us to understand how policy changes have affected resources available to students in different stages of education over the long run.// In the early 1990s, early years spending was less than £100 million in 2016–17 prices. By 2015–16, this had risen to about £2.3 billion. This large increase was the result of the introduction, and subsequent extension, of the entitlement to free part-time pre-school education for 3- and 4-year-olds in the late 1990s. In addition, the government has extended this entitlement to disadvantaged 2-year-olds, spending on which was about £520 million in 2015–16.// Government expenditure on the childcare element of working tax credit, tax-free employer-provided childcare vouchers and Sure Start has grown rapidly from near zero in the mid 1990s to £3.3 billion combined in 2010–11 (2016–17 prices). However, since 2010–11, spending on Sure Start and support through working tax credit have each fallen by more than 30% in real terms.

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