Corona Maioli, Susanna; (2023) Shaping Transit: Perceptions of migration transit, identity (trans)formation and the impact on mental health of unaccompanied migrant youth in Mexico. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Mexico is a country of origin, transit and destination for migrants attempting to reach the US. In the last decade, there has been an increase in underage migrants travelling without parents from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, due to an increase in violence and natural disasters. They are often victims of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as being more exposed to migration risks such as trafficking and exploitation compared to adults. Their migration process involves multiple deportations and long waiting times without appropriate access to education or health services. These conditions can lead to adverse health effects such as substance abuse, depression and anxiety. In June and July 2021, I visited two migrant shelters in Mexico City and Guadalajara. Using ethnographic and visual qualitative methods to conduct interviews with unaccompanied migrant youth and with workers in services for these youth, I explored the psychosocial mental health constructs of identity and resilience. I found that in this context of extremely restricted freedom, possibilities for identity building are restricted. Resilience overlaps with resistance but is generally maintained with cultural narratives of goal achievement, faith and hope. Crucial formative years are lost, pushing many to aspire only to work – regardless of the type of work. Strong responsibility towards sending remittances to family contribute to this, making family one of the main sources of resilience as it represents a goal of the migration journey. The prevailing regional migration management, underlined by discriminatory policies which place profit and national security ideology before a recognition of common humanity, is a considerable barrier to advancing access to rights for these youth. However, professionals – including healthcare professionals – have a leading role in advocating against this. Specific skills were identified for professionals who work with this population, such as empathy, adaptation and recognition of children as rights-holders.

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