Sutcliffe, Guy; Lam, Hahn; Beghelli, Alejandra; (2023) Multipartite state distribution for quantum networks with probabilistic entanglement generation and swapping. Presented at: Quantum Computing Theory in Practice 2023, Cambridge, UK.

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Abstract

Quantum networks exchange quantum information by distributing entangled states which are used for applications such as secure communication and distributed quantum computation. Applications where quantum information must be shared between multiple users -such as distributed sensing and computing- require the distribution of shared multipartite states. Current shortest-path routing approaches for multipartite state distribution can only achieve an entanglement rate which decreases exponentially with the distance between users, and do not scale efficiently with the number of users. We develop new entanglement distribution protocols which utilise multipath routing to improve the achieved rate for distributing multipartite states. The protocols are evaluated on quantum networks with NISQ era constraints, such as probabilistic entanglement generation and error-prone qubit gate operations during entanglement swapping. Results show that the developed protocols achieve an exponential speedup of entanglement rate compared to single-path routing techniques. Further, it was found that non-ideal qubit gates had only a small effect on the entanglement rate speedup compared to the shortest-path techniques. Finally, the benefits of multipath routing are a maximum for intermediate values of entanglement generation probability. Hence, the protocols developed can benefit NISQ quantum network control and design.

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