Liang, Ce;
Profico, Antonio;
Buzi, Costantino;
Khonsari, Roman H;
Johnson, David;
O’Higgins, Paul;
Moazen, Mehran;
(2023)
Normal human craniofacial growth and development from 0 to 4 years.
Scientific Reports
, 16
, Article 9641. 10.1038/s41598-023-36646-8.
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Liang C. et al. Normal human craniofacial growth and development from 0 to 4 years. Sci Rep.pdf - Published Version Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Knowledge of human craniofacial growth (increase in size) and development (change in shape) is important in the clinical treatment of a range of conditions that afects it. This study uses an extensive collection of clinical CT scans to investigate craniofacial growth and development over the frst 48 months of life, detail how the cranium changes in form (size and shape) in each sex and how these changes are associated with the growth and development of various soft tissues such as the brain, eyes and tongue and the expansion of the nasal cavity. This is achieved through multivariate analyses of cranial form based on 3D landmarks and semi-landmarks and by analyses of linear dimensions, and cranial volumes. The results highlight accelerations and decelerations in cranial form changes throughout early childhood. They show that from 0 to 12 months, the cranium undergoes greater changes in form than from 12 to 48 months. However, in terms of the development of overall cranial shape, there is no signifcant sexual dimorphism in the age range considered in this study. In consequence a single model of human craniofacial growth and development is presented for future studies to examine the physio-mechanical interactions of the craniofacial growth.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Normal human craniofacial growth and development from 0 to 4 years |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-023-36646-8 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36646-8 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| Keywords: | Anatomy, Developmental biology, Engineering, Structural biology |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Mechanical Engineering |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10171982 |
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