Greig, AR; Royal Academy of Engineering, .; (2013) Future Ship Powering Options: Exploring alternative methods of ship propulsion. Royal Academy of Engineering: London, UK.

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Abstract

International agreements on the need to combat climate change, the fluctuating but generally rising costs of marine fuels which account for a large proportion of the running costs of a ship, and developments on a number of other fronts have led many in the industry to question whether the present methods of ship propulsion are sustainable. These concerns are enhanced by the introduction of environmental regulations intended to reduce the impact of climate change – primarily MARPOL Annex VI and the Energy Effciency Design Index regulations together with the possible introduction of carbon taxes. This report embraces a number of conventional propulsion methods and fuels and also addresses the newer options of biofuels, liquid natural gas and hydrogen. In the case of other propulsion options, the subjects of nuclear propulsion, alternative fuels, batteries, fuel cells, renewable energy, superconducting electric motors and hybrid propulsion are considered. Additional propulsion influences are addressed and include conventional and non-conventional propulsors, magnetohydrodynamic propulsion, energy-saving devices, hull design and coatings.

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