Xhanari, E;
Tallarico, M;
Bolle, C;
Buti, J;
Meloni, SM;
Esposito, M;
(2023)
Machined Versus Cast Abutments for Single Dental Implants: A 3-year within-Patient Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial.
Clinical Trials in Dentistry
, 05
(01)
05-16.
10.36130/ctd.01.2023.02.
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Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare clinical outcomes of machined titanium abutments (machined group) versus cast cobalt-chrome abutments (cast group). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one partially edentulous subjects received two single non-adjacent implant-supported crowns each at three centres. Three and a half months after implant placement, implants were randomized at impression taking to receive one machined and one cast abutment according to a within-patient study design. Four patients dropped out and one patient lost one implant before randomization, so only 26 patients had their implants randomized. Outcome measures were: prosthesis and implant failures, any complications, and radiographic peri-implant marginal bone level changes. Patients were followed up for 3 years after loading. RESULTS: After randomization, three patients dropped out. One implant failed and two crowns on cast abutments were lost, but differences in implant and prosthesis failures were not statistically different (McNemar test P = 1.000; difference in proportions = 0.04 and P = 0.500; difference in proportions = 0.08, respectively). Two minor complications occurred in the cast group versus one in the machined group, the difference not being statistically different (McNemar test P = 1.000; difference in proportions = 0.04; 95% CI 0.18 to 22.06). Both groups presented statistically significant peri-implant marginal bone loss from implant placement to 3 years after loading, respectively -0.72 ± 0.90 mm (P = 0.001) for machined and -0.60 ± 0.61 mm (P <0.001) for cast abutments, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (mean difference -0.12 mm; 95% CI -0.57 to 0.34; P = 0.624). Both groups gradually lost marginal peri-implant bone from loading (baseline) to 3 years after loading, but this was not statistically significant; machined lost -0.05 ± 0.12 mm while cast lost -0.14 ± 0.11 mm, a difference that was not statistically significant (mean difference 0.06 mm; 95% CI -0.24 to 0.35; P = 0.708). CONCLUSIONS: The present clinical data suggest that implant prognosis up to 3 years after loading is not affected by the choice of machined or cast abutments.
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