Banihashemi, Batoul;
Jacobson, Ted;
Svesko, Andrew;
Visser, Manus;
(2023)
The minus sign in the first law of de Sitter horizons.
Journal of High Energy Physics
, 2023
, Article 54. 10.1007/JHEP01(2023)054.
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Abstract
Due to a well-known, but curious, minus sign in the Gibbons-Hawking first law for the static patch of de Sitter space, the entropy of the cosmological horizon is reduced by the addition of Killing energy. This minus sign raises the puzzling question how the thermodynamics of the static patch should be understood. We argue the confusion arises because of a mistaken interpretation of the matter Killing energy as the total internal energy, and resolve the puzzle by introducing a system boundary at which a proper thermodynamic ensemble can be specified. When this boundary shrinks to zero size the total internal energy of the ensemble (the Brown-York energy) vanishes, as does its variation. Part of this vanishing variation is thermalized, captured by the horizon entropy variation, and part is the matter contribution, which may or may not be thermalized. If the matter is in global equilibrium at the de Sitter temperature, the first law becomes the statement that the generalized entropy is stationary.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | The minus sign in the first law of de Sitter horizons |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1007/JHEP01(2023)054 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2023)054 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. |
| Keywords: | Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Physics, de Sitter space, Black Holes, Models of Quantum Gravity, BLACK-HOLE, NOETHER CHARGE, ENERGY, THERMODYNAMICS, CREATION, ENTROPY |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Physics and Astronomy |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10165286 |
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