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A kinematically detected planet candidate in a transition disk

Stadler, J; Benisty, M; Izquierdo, A; Facchini, S; Teague, R; Kurtovic, N; Pinilla, P; ... Testi, L; + view all (2023) A kinematically detected planet candidate in a transition disk. Astronomy & Astrophysics , 670 , Article L1. 10.1051/0004-6361/202245381. Green open access

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Abstract

Context: Transition disks are protoplanetary disks with inner cavities possibly cleared by massive companions. Observing them at high resolution is ideal for mapping their velocity structure and probing companion–disk interactions. Aims: We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 dust and gas observations of the transition disk around RXJ1604.3–2130 A, known to feature nearly symmetric shadows in scattered light, and aim to search for non-Keplerian features. Methods: We studied the 12CO line channel maps and moment maps of the line-of-sight velocity and peak intensity. We fitted a Keplerian model of the channel-by-channel emission to study line profile differences and produced deprojected radial profiles for all velocity components. Results: The 12CO emission is detected out to R ∼ 1.8″ (265 au). It shows a cavity inward of 0.39″ (56 au) and within the dust continuum ring (at ∼0.56″, i.e., 81 au). Azimuthal brightness variations in the 12CO line and dust continuum are broadly aligned with the shadows detected in scattered-light observations. We find a strong localized non-Keplerian feature toward the west within the continuum ring (at R = 41 ± 10 au and PA = 280 ± 2°). It accounts for Δvϕ/vkep ∼ 0.4 or Δvz/vkep ∼ 0.04, depending on if the perturbation is in the rotational or vertical direction. A tightly wound spiral is also detected and extends over 300° in azimuth, possibly connected to the localized non-Keplerian feature. Finally, a bending of the iso-velocity contours within the gas cavity indicates a highly perturbed inner region, possibly related to the presence of a misaligned inner disk. Conclusions: While broadly aligned with the scattered-light shadows, the localized non-Keplerian feature cannot be solely due to changes in temperature. Instead, we interpret the kinematical feature as tracing a massive companion located at the edge of the dust continuum ring. We speculate that the spiral is caused by buoyancy resonances driven by planet–disk interactions. However, this potential planet at ∼41 au cannot explain the gas-depleted cavity, the low accretion rate, and the misaligned inner disk, which suggests the presence of another companion closer in.

Type: Article
Title: A kinematically detected planet candidate in a transition disk
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202245381
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245381
Language: English
Additional information: © The Authors 2023. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: planets and satellites: formation / protoplanetary disks / planet-disk interactions
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Space and Climate Physics
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164222
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