Li, M;
Gill, AAS;
Vanhoestenberghe, A;
Ghoreishizadeh, SS;
(2022)
An Integrated Circuit for Galvanostatic Electrodeposition of on-chip Electrochemical Sensors.
In:
ICECS 2022 - 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Proceedings.
IEEE: Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
This paper presents the design of an integrated circuit (IC) for (i) galvanostatic deposition of sensor layers on the on-chip pads, which serve as the sensor's base layer, and (ii) amperometric readout of electrochemical sensors. The system consists of three main circuit blocks: the electrochemical cell including a 4×4 electrode array, two Beta-multiplier based current generators and one pA-size current generator for galvanostatic electrodeposition, and a switch-capacitor based amperometric readout circuit for sensor current measurement. The circuits are designed and simulated in a 180-nm CMOS process. The three current reference circuits generate a stable current from 7.2 pA to 88 µA with low process, power supply voltage and temperature (PVT) sensitivity. The pA-size current generator has a temperature coefficient of 517.8 ppm/°C on average (across corners) in the range of 0 to 60°C. The line regulation is 4.4 %/V over a supply voltage range of 0.8-3 V. The feasibility of galvanostatic deposition on on-chip pads is validated by applying a fixed current of 300 nA to electrochemically deposit a gold layer on top of electrodes with nickel/zinc as the adhesive layer for gold. Successful deposition of gold was confirmed using optical microscope images of the on-chip electrodes.
| Type: | Proceedings paper |
|---|---|
| Title: | An Integrated Circuit for Galvanostatic Electrodeposition of on-chip Electrochemical Sensors |
| Event: | 2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS) |
| Dates: | 24 Oct 2022 - 26 Oct 2022 |
| ISBN-13: | 9781665488235 |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1109/ICECS202256217.2022.9970881 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS202256217.2022.997088... |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Electrodes, Integrated circuits, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Gold, Temperature distribution, Generators |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Electronic and Electrical Eng UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Med Phys and Biomedical Eng |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10163158 |
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