Malaquias, Maria João;
Magrinelli, Francesca;
Quattrone, Andrea;
Neo, Ray Jen;
Latorre, Anna;
Mulroy, Eoin;
Bhatia, Kailash P;
(2023)
Presynaptic Hemiparkinsonism Following Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Case Report and Literature Review.
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
, 10
(2)
pp. 285-299.
10.1002/mdc3.13631.
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Abstract
Background: Cerebral toxoplasmosis (CTx) is a CNS opportunistic infection with variable neurological manifestations. While tropism of Toxoplasma gondii for the basal ganglia is well known, movement disorders (MDs) represent only a small percentage of CTx-related neurological complications. CTx-associated MDs are usually hyperkinetic, whereas parkinsonism associated with evidence of presynaptic dopaminergic deficit has never been described. / Case: We report an HIV-positive patient who developed a complex MD featuring unilateral tremor combined with parkinsonism and dystonia following an acute episode of disseminated CTx. Her DaTscan documented contralateral presynaptic dopaminergic deficit. Levodopa initiation improved both tremor and parkinsonism after ineffective trials of several other medications over the years. / Literature review: A total of 64 patients presenting with CTx-related MDs have been described. The most common MD was chorea (44%), followed by ataxia (20%), parkinsonism (16%), tremor (14%), dystonia (14%), myoclonus (3%) and akathisia (2%). DaTscan was performed only in one case, of Holmes tremor, that demonstrated reduced presynaptic dopaminergic uptake. Positive response to dopaminergic treatment was reported in three cases of Holmes tremor and two of parkinsonism. / Conclusions: Presynaptic dopaminergic deficit may occur in CTx-related tremor combined with parkinsonism. Its identification should prompt initiation of levodopa, thus avoiding unnecessary trials of other drugs.
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