Gafar, Fajri;
Wasmann, Roeland E;
McIlleron, Helen M;
Aarnoutse, Rob E;
Schaaf, H Simon;
Marais, Ben J;
Agarwal, Dipti;
... Global Collaborative Group for Meta-Analysis of Paediatric Indiv; + view all
(2023)
Global estimates and determinants of antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.
European Respiratory Journal
, 61
(3)
, Article 2201596. 10.1183/13993003.01596-2022.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal exposure to antituberculosis drugs has been associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes. We aimed to investigate estimates and determinants of first-line antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents at a global level. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (1990-2021) for pharmacokinetic studies of first-line antituberculosis drugs in children and adolescents. Individual patient data were obtained from authors of eligible studies. Summary estimates of total/extrapolated area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-24) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were assessed with random-effects models, normalised with current WHO-recommended paediatric doses. Determinants of AUC0-24 and Cmax were assessed with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Of 55 eligible studies, individual patient data were available for 39 (71%), including 1628 participants from 12 countries. Geometric means (95% CIs) of steady-state AUC0-24 were summarised for isoniazid (18.7 [15.5-22.6] h·mg·L-1), rifampicin (34.4 [29.4-40.3] h·mg·L-1), pyrazinamide (375.0 [339.9-413.7] h·mg·L-1), and ethambutol (8.0 [6.4-10.0] h·mg·L-1). Our multivariate models indicated that younger age (especially <2 years) and HIV-positive status were associated with lower AUC0-24 for all antituberculosis drugs, while severe malnutrition was associated with lower AUC0-24 for isoniazid and pyrazinamide. N-acetyltransferase 2 rapid acetylators had lower isoniazid AUC0-24 and slow acetylators had higher isoniazid AUC0-24 than intermediate acetylators. Determinants of Cmax were generally similar to those for AUC0-24. CONCLUSION: This study provides the most comprehensive estimates of plasma exposures to first-line antituberculosis drugs in children and adolescents. Key determinants of drug exposures were identified. These may be relevant for population-specific dose adjustment or individualised therapeutic drug monitoring.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Global estimates and determinants of antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis |
| Location: | England |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1183/13993003.01596-2022 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01596-2022 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Pharmacokinetics, tuberculosis, antituberculosis drugs, children, adolescents, HIV, malnutrition |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10159960 |
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