Sonnino, A; Bano, S; Al-Bassam, M; Danezis, G; (2020) Replay Attacks and Defenses Against Cross-shard Consensus in Sharded Distributed Ledgers. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P). (pp. pp. 294-308). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

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Abstract

We present a family of replay attacks against sharded distributed ledgers targeting cross-shard consensus protocols, such as the recently proposed Chainspace and Omniledger. They allow an attacker, with network access only, to double-spend or lock resources with minimal efforts. The attacker can act independently without colluding with any nodes, and succeed even if all nodes are honest; most of the attacks can also exhibit themselves as faults under periods of asynchrony. These attacks are effective against both shard-led and client-led cross-shard consensus approaches. We present Byzcuit-a new cross-shard consensus protocol that is immune to those attacks. We implement a prototype of Byzcuit and evaluate it on a real cloud-based testbed, showing that our defenses impact performance minimally, and overall performance surpasses previous works.

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