Neutron studies of Na-ion battery materials

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Neutron studies of Na-ion battery materials

Shah, AR; Shutt, RRC; Smith, K; Hack, J; Neville, TP; Headen, TF; Brett, DJL; ... Cullen, PL; + view all (2021) Neutron studies of Na-ion battery materials. Journal of Physics: Materials , 4 (4) , Article 042008. 10.1088/2515-7639/ac24ec. Green open access

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Abstract

The relative vast abundance and more equitable global distribution of terrestrial sodium makes sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) potentially cheaper and more sustainable alternatives to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the practical capacities and cycle lives of NIBs at present do not match those of LIBs and have therefore hindered their progress to commercialisation. The present drawback of NIB technology stems largely from the electrode materials and their associated Na+ion storage mechanisms. Increased understanding of the electrochemical storage mechanisms and kinetics is therefore vital for the development of current and novel materials to realise the commercial NIB. In contrast to x-ray techniques, the non-dependency of neutron scattering on the atomic number of elements (Z) can substantially increase the scattering contrast of small elements such as sodium and carbon, making neutron techniques powerful for the investigation of NIB electrode materials. Moreover, neutrons are far more penetrating which enables more complex sample environments including in situ and operando studies. Here, we introduce the theory of, and review the use of, neutron diffraction and quasi-elastic neutron scattering, to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of electrode and electrolyte materials for NIBs. To improve our understanding of the actual sodium storage mechanisms and identify intermediate stages during charge/discharge, ex situ, in situ, and operando neutron experiments are required. However, to date there are few studies where operando experiments are conducted during electrochemical cycling. This highlights an opportunity for research to elucidate the operating mechanisms within NIB materials that are under much debate at present.

Type:	Article
Title:	Neutron studies of Na-ion battery materials
Open access status:	An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI:	10.1088/2515-7639/ac24ec
Publisher version:	https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ac24ec
Language:	English
Additional information:	Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Keywords:	Neutron scattering, neutron diffraction, QENS, sodium-ion, solid state electrolytes, energy storage
UCL classification:	UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Chemical Engineering UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences > Dept of Physics and Astronomy
URI:	https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10137107