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Radiomics-Based Texture Analysis of Ga-68-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Images as a Prognostic Biomarker in Adults With Neuroendocrine Cancers Treated With Lu-177-DOTATATE

Atkinson, C; Ganeshan, B; Endozo, R; Wan, S; Aldridge, MD; Groves, AM; Bomanji, JB; (2021) Radiomics-Based Texture Analysis of Ga-68-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Images as a Prognostic Biomarker in Adults With Neuroendocrine Cancers Treated With Lu-177-DOTATATE. Frontiers in Oncology , 11 , Article 686235. 10.3389/fonc.2021.686235. Green open access

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Abstract

Purpose: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare cancers with variable behavior. A better understanding of prognosis would aid individualized management. The aim of this hypothesis-generating pilot study was to investigate the prognostic potential of tumor heterogeneity and tracer avidity in NET using texture analysis (TA) of 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET) and non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) performed at baseline in patients treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE. It aims to justify a larger-scale study to evaluate its clinical value. Methods: The pretherapy 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT scans of 44 patients with metastatic NET (carcinoid, pancreatic, thyroid, head and neck, catecholamine-secreting, and unknown primary NET) treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE were analyzed retrospectively using commercially available texture analysis research software. Image filtration extracted and enhanced objects of different sizes (fine, medium, coarse), then quantified heterogeneity by statistical and histogram-based parameters (mean intensity, standard deviation, entropy, mean of positive pixels, skewness, and kurtosis). Regions of interest were manually drawn around up to five of the most 68Ga-DOTATATE avid lesions for each patient. 68Gallium uptake on PET was quantified as SUVmax and SUVmean. Associations between imaging and clinical markers with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis. Independence of the significant univariate markers of survival was tested using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Measures of heterogeneity (higher kurtosis, higher entropy, and lower skewness) on coarse-texture scale CT and unfiltered PET images predicted shorter PFS (CT coarse kurtosis: p=0.05, PET entropy: p=0.01, PET skewness: p=0.03) and shorter OS (CT coarse kurtosis: p=0.05, PET entropy: p=0.01, PET skewness p=0.02). Conventional PET parameters such as SUVmax and SUVmean showed trends towards predicting outcome but were not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis identified that CT-TA (coarse kurtosis: HR=2.57, 95% CI=1.22–5.38, p=0.013) independently predicted PFS, and PET-TA (unfiltered skewness: HR=9.05, 95% CI=1.19–68.91, p=0.033) independently predicted OS. Conclusion: These preliminary data generate a hypothesis that radiomic analysis of neuroendocrine cancer on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT may be of prognostic value and a valuable addition to the assessment of patients.

Type: Article
Title: Radiomics-Based Texture Analysis of Ga-68-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Images as a Prognostic Biomarker in Adults With Neuroendocrine Cancers Treated With Lu-177-DOTATATE
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686235
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.686235
Language: English
Additional information: © 2021 Atkinson, Ganeshan, Endozo, Wan, Aldridge, Groves, Bomanji and Gaze. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Keywords: 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, 177Lu-DOTATATE molecular radiotherapy, neuroendocrine tumor (NET), prognostic biomarker, texture analysis, radiomics
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Department of Imaging
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > Div of Medicine > Experimental and Translational Medicine
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10133443
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