Darlow, CA;
Docobo-Perez, F;
Farrington, N;
Johnson, A;
McEntee, L;
Unsworth, J;
Jimenez-Valverde, A;
... Hope, W; + view all
(2021)
Amikacin Combined with Fosfomycin for Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in the Setting of Highly Prevalent Antimicrobial Resistance.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
, 65
(7)
, Article e0029321. 10.1128/AAC.00293-21.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (particularly through extended-spectrum β-lactamase and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme production) in neonatal sepsis is a global problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with significant mortality rates. High rates of resistance are reported for the current WHO-recommended first-line antibiotic regimen for neonatal sepsis, i.e., ampicillin and gentamicin. We assessed the utility of fosfomycin and amikacin as a potential alternative regimen to be used in settings of increasingly prevalent antimicrobial resistance. The combination was studied in a 16-arm dose-ranged hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) experiment. The combination of amikacin and fosfomycin enhanced bactericidal activity and prevented the emergence of resistance, compared to monotherapy with either antibiotic. Modeling of the experimental quantitative outputs and data from checkerboard assays indicated synergy. We further assessed the combination regimen at clinically relevant doses in the HFIM with nine Enterobacterales strains with high fosfomycin and amikacin MICs and demonstrated successful kill to sterilization for 6/9 strains. From these data, we propose a novel combination breakpoint threshold for microbiological success for this antimicrobial combination against Enterobacterales strains, i.e., MICF × MICA < 256 (where MICF and MICA are the fosfomycin and amikacin MICs, respectively). Monte Carlo simulations predict that a standard fosfomycin-amikacin neonatal regimen would achieve >99% probability of pharmacodynamic success for strains with MICs below this threshold. We conclude that the combination of fosfomycin with amikacin is a viable regimen for the empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis and is suitable for further clinical assessment in a randomized controlled trial.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Amikacin Combined with Fosfomycin for Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in the Setting of Highly Prevalent Antimicrobial Resistance |
| Location: | United States |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1128/AAC.00293-21 |
| Publisher version: | https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00293-21 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions |
| Keywords: | amikacin, aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance, combination antibiotics, fosfomycin, hollow fiber, mathematical modelling, neonatal sepsis, pharmacodynamics, synergy, Amikacin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Fosfomycin, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Neonatal Sepsis |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > UCL GOS Institute of Child Health > Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Dept |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10131571 |
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