Tikiso, T;
McIlleron, H;
Burger, D;
Gibb, D;
Rabie, H;
Lee, J;
Lallemant, M;
... Denti, P; + view all
(2022)
Abacavir pharmacokinetics in African children living with HIV: A pooled analysis describing the effects of age, malnutrition and common concomitant medications.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
, 88
(2)
pp. 403-415.
10.1111/bcp.14984.
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Gibb_Brit J Clinical Pharma - 2021 - Tikiso - Abacavir pharmacokinetics in African children living with HIV A pooled analysis.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
AIMS: Abacavir is part of WHO-recommended regimens to treat HIV in children under 15 years of age. In a pooled analysis across four studies, we describe abacavir population pharmacokinetics to investigate the influence of age, concomitant medications, malnutrition and formulation. METHODS: A total of 230 HIV-infected African children were included, with median (range) age of 2.1 (0.1-12.8) years and weight of 9.8 (2.5-30.0) kg. The population pharmacokinetics of abacavir was described using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. RESULTS: Abacavir pharmacokinetics was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, and absorption described by transit compartments. Clearance was predicted around 54% of its mature value at birth and 90% at 10 months. The estimated typical clearance at steady state was 10.7 L/h in a child weighing 9.8 kg co-treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, and was 12% higher in children receiving efavirenz. During co-administration of rifampicin-based antituberculosis treatment and super-boosted lopinavir in a 1:1 ratio with ritonavir, abacavir exposure decreased by 29.4%. Malnourished children living with HIV had higher abacavir exposure initially, but this effect waned with nutritional rehabilitation. An additional 18.4% reduction in clearance after the first abacavir dose was described, suggesting induction of clearance with time on lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy. Finally, absorption of the fixed dose combination tablet was 24% slower than the abacavir liquid formulation. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis we found that children on lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz had similar abacavir exposures, while concomitant TB treatment and super-boosted lopinavir gave significantly reduced abacavir concentrations.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Abacavir pharmacokinetics in African children living with HIV: A pooled analysis describing the effects of age, malnutrition and common concomitant medications |
| Location: | England |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.1111/bcp.14984 |
| Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14984 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. |
| Keywords: | Abacavir, Children, Efavirenz, Lopinavir, Malnutrition, Population pharmacokinetics, Rifampicin |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Inst of Clinical Trials and Methodology > MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10131535 |
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