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On CSI and Passive WiFi Radar for Opportunistic Physical Activity Recognition

Li, W; Bocus, M; Tang, C; Piechocki, R; Woodbridge, K; Chetty, K; (2021) On CSI and Passive WiFi Radar for Opportunistic Physical Activity Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10.1109/TWC.2021.3098526. Green open access

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Abstract

The use of Wi-Fi signals for human sensing has gained significant interest over the past decade. Such techniques provide affordable and reliable solutions for healthcare-focused events such as vital sign detection, prevention of falls and long-term monitoring of chronic diseases, among others. Currently, there are two major approaches for Wi-Fi sensing: (1) passive Wi-Fi radar (PWR) which uses well established techniques from bistatic radar, and channel state information (CSI) based wireless sensing (SENS) which exploits human-induced variations in the communication channel between a pair of transmitter and receiver. However, there has not been a comprehensive study to understand and compare the differences in terms of effectiveness and limitations in real-world deployment. In this paper, we present the fundamentals of the two systems with associated methodologies and signal processing. A thorough measurement campaign was carried out to evaluate the human activity detection performance of both systems. Experimental results show that SENS system provides better detection performance in a line-of-sight (LoS) condition, whereas PWR system performs better in a non-LoS (NLoS) setting. Furthermore, based on our findings, we recommend that future Wi-Fi sensing applications should leverage the advantages from both PWR and SENS systems.

Type: Article
Title: On CSI and Passive WiFi Radar for Opportunistic Physical Activity Recognition
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3098526
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3098526
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.
Keywords: Passive Wi-Fi Radar, Channel State Information, Doppler, Wireless Sensing
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Electronic and Electrical Eng
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Security and Crime Science
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10131266
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